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- **********************
- * Granins signatures *
- **********************
-
- Granins (chromogranins or secretogranins) [1] are a family of acidic proteins
- present in the secretory granules of a wide variety of endocrine and neuro-
- endocrine cells. The exact function(s) of these proteins is not yet known but
- they seem to be the precursors of biologically active peptides and/or they may
- act as helper proteins in the packaging of peptide hormones and
- neuropeptides. Three members of this family of proteins show some sequence
- similarities:
-
- - Chromogranin A (CGA) [2]. CGA is a protein of about 420 residues; it is the
- precursor of the peptide pancreastatin which strongly inhibits glucose-
- induced insulin release from the pancreas.
- - Secretogranin 1 (chromogranin B). A sulfated protein of about 600 residues.
- - Secretogranin 2 (chromogranin C). A sulfated protein of about 650 residues.
-
- Apart from their subcellular location and the abundance of acidic residues
- (Asp and Glu), these proteins do not share many structural similarities. Only
- one short region, located in the C-terminal section, is conserved in all these
- proteins. Chromogranins A and B share a region of high similarity in their N-
- terminal section; this region includes two cysteine residues involved in a
- disulfide bond.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [DE]-[SN]-L-[SAN]-x(2)-[DE]-x-E-L
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL, except
- for mouse secretogranin 2.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: 4.
-
- -Consensus pattern: C-[LIVM](2)-E-[LIVM](2)-S-[DN]-[STA]-L-x-K-x-S-x(3)-
- [LIVM]-[STA]-x-E-C
- [The two C's are linked by a disulfide bond]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: Chromogranin
- A and B.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Last update: December 1991 / Patterns and text revised.
-
- [ 1] Huttner W.B., Gerdes H.-H., Rosa P.
- Trends Biochem. Sci. 16:27-30(1991).
- [ 2] Simon J.-P., Aunis D.
- Biochem. J. 262:1-13(1989).
-